Managed Care Costs: Where Do Minnesota HMOs Spend Our Money?

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FOOTNOTES

  1. "Health Maintenance Strategy," Medical Care 9:291-298 (May-June 1971); Paul M. Ellwood, Jr., Nancy N. Anderson, James E. Bilings, Rick J. Carlson, Earl J. Hoagberg, Walter McClure.
  2. "Cutting Cost Without Cutting the Quality of Care," New England Journal of Medicine 198:1229-1238 (June 1, 1978); Alain Enthoven.
  3. "A Consumer-choice Health Plan for the 1990s: Universal Health Insurance in a system designed to promote quality and economy (second of two parts)," New England Journal of Medicine 320: 94-101 (Jan 12 1989); Alain Enthoven and Richard Kronick.
  4. "Managed Care Plan Performance Since 1980: A literature analysis," JAMA 271: 1512-1519 (May 18, 1994); Robert H. Miller and Harlod S. Luft.
  5. "Use of Outpatient Mental Health Services in HMO and Fee-for-Service Plans: Results from a randomized controlled trial," Health Services Research 21: 453-474 (August 1986); Kenneth B. Wells, Willard G. Manning, Jr., Bernadette Benjamin.
  6. "1996 HMO and CISN Financial Data", Minnesota Council of Health Plans, Minneapolis Star & Tribune 3/3/197.
  7. Minnesota Managed Care Review 1997, Allan Baumgartner, October 1997.
  8. "NAIC Annual Statement of Instructions for HMO's for 1997," Minnesota Department of Health and the National Association of Insurance Commissioners, 1997.
  9. The Forecasting/Data Unit of the Department of Health of the State of Minnesota.
  10. "Operating Cost as a Percent of Total Net Medical Revenue by Geographic Section for Multispecialty Practices," using median data for the midwest section, from cost survey: 1997 report based on 1996 data; Medical Group Management Association, Englewood, Colorado, September 1997.
  11. "Covering Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services", Health Affairs 16:120-130 (July-August 1997); Jeffrey A. Buck and Beth Umland.
  12. Study of Health Care Management Companies, Table 2, p. 8; (March 1993); Minnesota Commissioners of Health and Commerce. (The administrative increase is calculated by the authors from the data presented in Table 2).
  13. "Who Administers? Who Cares? Medical administrative and clinical employment in the United States and Canada," Am Journal Public Health 86:172-178 (February 1996); David U. Himmelstein, James P. Lewontin, Steffie Woolhandler.
  14. Study of Health Care Management Companies, p. 7; (March 1993); Minnesota Commissioners of Health and Commerce.
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